Researchers at the UC Davis MIND Institute have discovered that neighborhood factors can impact ADHD symptoms in both autistic and non-autistic children. This study could help guide public policy changes to improve health equity.

Key Findings
Katrina Kalb, the lead author of the study, explained that certain neighborhood factors are strongly linked to ADHD symptoms in autistic children. Interestingly, this effect was not seen in typically developing children or those with other developmental disabilities. This suggests that autistic children living in resource-poor neighborhoods may experience more severe ADHD symptoms.

ADHD Symptoms and Impact
ADHD symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior, which can lead to challenges in school, social relationships, and emotional well-being. These symptoms are also associated with a higher risk of substance abuse and accidents.

Study Details
The study used data from 246 children tracked from childhood to adolescence across two long-term studies. Researchers applied the Child Opportunity Index, which measures over 30 neighborhood factors, including socioeconomic status and access to education. A higher index score generally indicates better childhood health.

The analysis showed that a lower Child Opportunity Index score at birth was a strong indicator of increased ADHD symptoms in adolescence. This was not observed in non-autistic children. Kalb said, “These results are concerning. Autistic children with ADHD face many challenges, which are worsened by growing up in low-income areas. Our findings highlight the urgent need for more resources for autistic children in disadvantaged areas.”

Next Steps
Researchers are calling for larger and more diverse studies to explore these relationships further and develop interventions to address the effects of neighborhood factors on ADHD symptoms.